題目：四個地理位置華人父親的參與情況：探索文化細微差異與相似性

摘要：

研究目的

本研究旨在探討分布於四個地理區域（加拿大、中國、香港與臺灣）的華人父親在其年幼子女生活中的參與程度。

研究背景

關於父職的研究主要集中於西方人口，對華人父職的探討仍相當有限。在既有的華人父親研究中，社會政治環境與地理位置的影響常被忽視，使得父親參與的情境被去脈絡化。

研究方法

本研究共納入四個地理區域的273位父親：加拿大（n = 67）、中國大陸（n = 56）、香港（n = 47）與臺灣（n = 103），並使用時間日誌資料（記錄其最近一個工作日與一個週末日共兩天的24小時活動）。透過一系列重複量數共變數分析（以父親參與為重複量數，並以父親年齡與教育程度為共變項）來探討父親參與的細節與共通性。

研究結果

父親在互動參與（如遊戲與照顧）方面的程度有所不同。中國大陸的父親報告與孩子玩耍的時間最多。臺灣與香港的父親在遊戲與照顧方面的時間相近。其他父職參與層面亦依地理位置有所差異。

研究結論

研究結果顯示，華人父親不能被簡化為同質的一群。由於社會政治環境的差異，不同地區的父親在多個面向的參與行為上存在差異。

實務意涵

與「冷漠疏離」的刻板印象相反，華人父親積極參與子女生活。然而，華人父親之間仍存在差異，因此在提供相關計畫與服務時，需將地理位置納入考量，以符合華人社群的實際需求。

Title: Father involvement among Chinese fathers in four geolocations: Exploring cultural nuances and similarities

Abstract:

Objective

The objective is to explore Chinese fathers' levels of involvement in their young children's lives in four geolocations: Canada, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.

Background

Fathering research has been primarily based on Westernized populations, with a dearth on Chinese fathering. Within the limited studies on Chinese fathers, the influence of sociopolitical environments and geolocation has been overlooked, decontextualizing father involvement.

Method

The study included 273 fathers across four geolocations: Canada (n = 67), Mainland China (n = 56), Hong Kong (n = 47), and Taiwan (n = 103) using time diary data (two 24-hour accounts of their latest workday and weekend day). A series of repeated-measures analyses of covariance (Father Involvement treated as the repeated measures; covarying Fathers' Age and Levels of Education) were conducted to explore the nuances and similarities of father involvement.

Results

Fathers' levels of engagement (play, care) differed. Fathers from China reported spending the most time playing with their child than did other fathers. Taiwanese and Hong Kong fathers spent similar amounts of time playing with and caring for their children. Other father involvement dimensions also differed by geolocation.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that Chinese fathers cannot be “collapsed” into one group. Due to differing sociopolitical environments, fathers' involvement in various dimensions varied.

Implications

Chinese fathers are actively involved in their children's lives, contrary to the beliefs of fathers being “aloof and distant.” However, there are differences among Chinese fathers; thus, taking geolocation into account when providing programs and services is essential to Chinese communities.