摘要：
本研究旨在探討正向人際和生活能力訓練（PILOT）方案對多項正向心理素質的介入成效，同時考慮了方案實施的忠實度，分為高忠實度組和低忠實度組，以驗證方案的有效性。在過去的研究中，已經證實了大多數以生活技能為基礎的介入在預防物質使用行為和精神疾病方面的有效性。然而，這些方案對正向心理素質的影響仍有待探究。其次，研究極少關注方案實施忠實度對其成效的影響。本研究共有868位國小高年級學生參與，採用共變數分析及PROCESS模組進行PILOT方案成效評估。結果顯示，相較於低忠實度組，接受更多方案課程的高忠實度組學生，在後測時表現出更高的韌性（resilience）、心盛（psychological flourishing）、拒絕物質自我效能（substance resistance self-efficacy）、認知再評估（cognitive reappraisal），同時憂鬱症狀和網絡成癮的得分較低。此外，認知再評估較差和憂鬱症狀較為嚴重的學生能從PILOT方案中獲得更多的幫助。最後，作者還討論了PILOT方案效果的意涵，其在幫助東亞學生因應新冠疫情方面的潛在益處，同時考慮方案實施忠實度對成效的影響。
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the intervention effects of the Positive Interpersonal and Life Orientation Training (PILOT) program on various positive psychological outcomes across two levels of intervention exposure. Most life skill-based intervention programs have been proven to be effective in preventing substance use behaviors and mental illness. However, the effects of these programs on positive psychological competence still needs to be explored. Additionally, the influence of intervention exposure on effectiveness has rarely been considered in most studies. Eight hundred and sixty-eight elementary school students participated in the PILOT program. Analysis of covariance and PROCESS were conducted to investigate the effects of PILOT on the outcome indicators. The results revealed that students exposed to high-level PILOT reported higher levels of resilience, psychological flourishing, substance resistance self-efficacy, cognitive reappraisal, lower levels of depressive symptoms, and internet addiction tendency than students in low-level PILOT in the post-test. The findings indicate that students with a low level of cognitive reappraisal and a high level of depressive symptoms can benefit more from PILOT. The effects of PILOT and their implications in helping students encounter the COVID-19 pandemic in an East Asian context and the influence of fidelity are discussed.
研究全文請參考：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107212
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